Efficiency is the property of a resource allocation of maximizing the total surplus received by the society. The equilibrium in free markets is efficient because:
i) The equilibrium quantity output maximizes total surplus received by all members of the society.
ii) The goods are produced by the producers with the lowest cost.
iii) The goods are consumed by the buyers who value them most highly.
Sayfa 105Kitabı okudu
Effects of taxation on the market:
1) Taxes create a wedge between the price that buyers pay and the price that the sellers receive. The wedge is equal to the tax.
2) The price that the buyers pay rises and the price that the sellers receive falls.
3) Taxation reduces the market size by reducing the equilibrium quantity, creating a dead-weight loss for the market.
Sayfa 108Kitabı okudu
In the equilibrium of market efficiency, the quantity output maximizes total surplus received by all the members of society, the goods are produced by the producers with the lowest cost, the goods are consumed by the buyers who value them most highly.
Sayfa 110Kitabı okudu
Nash Equilibrium represents a situation among the interacting firms that each firm choose their best strategy given the strategies that all the other firms have already choosen.
Sayfa 176Kitabı okudu
Equilibrium/Kurt Wimmer(2002)
Akıl Çağı’nda yatıştırıcılara ihtiyaç vardır. Makina Çağı’nda. Proziumlara. Prozaclara. Düşünmek ve hissetmek yasaklanmıştır çünkü. Düşünmeyi ve hissetmeyi harekete geçiren her şey! Felsefe ve sanat, kitaplar ve tablolar. İnsanı insan yapan her şey!
En önce La Gioconda (Mona Lisa) yakılır. En başta. Sonra ele ne geçerse. Kitaplar, tablolar, kısaca duygulanıma geçit veren her şey.
Hissetmek ve sevmek yasaktır bu evrende.
Başrahip John Preston (Christian Bale), kendisi gibi rahip olan en yakın arkadaşı Partridge’i (Sean Bean) öldürmeden evvel bir mabedde sıkıştırır. Bir katedral yıkıntısında.
Partridge, her şey bitti, der sakince, bizi biz yapan herşeyi yok ettik!
Ardından da tüm filme anlamını veren, William Butler Yeats’ın bir şiirinden, Cloths of Heaven'dan (1899) şu dizeleri okur:
"Elimde olaydı atlaslar sererdim ayaklarının altına
Ne ki garibanın tekiyim, varım yoğum düşlerim
Düşlerimi serdim ben de ayaklarının altına
Nazik ol lütfen, üzerine bastığın benim düşlerim"
Hayda...
Wilson (1975) suggests that male homosexuality may have evolved through kin selection:
The homosexual members of primitive societies may have functioned as helpers, either while hunting in company with other men or in more domestic occupations at the dwelling sites.... They could have operated with special efficiency in assisting close relatives. Genes favoring homosexuality could then be sustained at a high equilibrium level by kin selection alone. (p. 555)
So, there we have it: the "homosexual helpers at the nest" hypothesis, or as Kitcher (1985, p. 251) says, "the helpful homosexual. Every home should have one."
What evidence did Wilson have to make this claim?
Kitcher, P. 1985. Vaulting Ambition: Sociobiology and the Questfor Human Nature. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Wilson, E. O. 1975a. Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
