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Whether they were eating, working, watching TV, or socializing, they were happier if they were paying attention to what they were doing. The researchers concluded that “a human mind is a wandering mind, and a wandering mind is an unhappy mind.”
To quantum field theory, an electron is nothing but a wiggle in the electron field. In fact, all of the matter in the Universe consists of wiggles in these quantum fields: the electron field, the quark fields, the photon field and more. Their wiggling and mutual interaction underlies the motion and action of everyday life.
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As stars burn, lighter elements are fused together. At the same time, very heavy elements decay through radioactivity to become lighter elements. There is a common goal: iron. Iron is the most strongly bound of the atomic nuclei, so it won’t decay into lighter elements without an injection of energy, and it won’t be built into heavier elements without other injections of energy. That is, it has no free energy to give.
We are still faced with the question of why this Universe, the one we inhabit, would sit on such a narrow thread when there is so much other potential parameter space we could inhabit. No matter how you look at it, the existence of stable stars appears to be a fine-tuned property of our Universe.
The energy needed to break a strong nuclear bond in a nucleus is about 20,000 times higher than an electromagnetic bond. Combined with the fact that the proton is over 1,000 times heavier than the electron, chemical reactions fall million of times short in energy of disturbing the nucleus. Build all the fires, stir all the cauldrons you like – you won’t turn lead into gold.
protein folding problem
If you gently heat up a sample of protein, the extra energy causes the tightly bound protein molecules to unravel. If you then allow them to cool down again, the proteins curl themselves back into the previous shape. This is quite startling, as the long chain molecules have no memory of their initial shape, and it is only the push and pull of the electrons and nuclei that can guide them into position. We don’t really know how they manage it; this ‘protein-folding problem’ remains one of the major outstanding problems of modern science.
When a molecule needs to be sent from one end of the cell to another, it is stamped with an address, loaded onto a truck, transported down a highway, has its address verified, and then unloaded and put to work.
Our models are mixtures of well-tested theories, reasonable assumptions and guesses; as Richard Feynman noted, ‘it is not unscientific to make a guess.’ Science happens when we ask the Universe whether we guessed right.
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Odysseus, gelecekteki kendisinin doğru kararları verecek durumda olmayacağının farkındaydı. Aklı başındaki Odysseus, bu nedenle her şeyi öyle bir ayarladı ki, yanlış adımı atması artık mümkün olamazdı.
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Bu örneklerin ortak yönü, insanların, gelecekte istenmeyen şekilde davranmamak için, şimdiki zamanda bazı ayarlamalar yapmış olmalarîdır. Çünkü kendimizi direğe sıkıca bağladığımızda, şu anın ayartıcı gücüne karşı koyma şansımız vardır. Bu, olmak istediğimiz insan tipiyle daha uyumlu bir davranış sergilememizİ sağlayan küçük bir oyundur. Odysseus anlaşmasının anahtarı, farklı koşullarda farklı insanlar olduğumuzu kabul etmektir, Daha iyi kararlar vermek için, yalnızca kendinizi değil, sahip olduğunuz bütün kimlikleri tanımanız önemlidir.
