A Brief History Of Argentina
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No matter what their views on populism, few people can ignore the remarkable success that Argentines garnered in the period of industrialization.
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Nearly all the great cities of today’s Latin America had been established between 1492 and the second founding of Buenos Aires in 1580. Thus, the conquest phase in Spanish America ended at Buenos Aires, 88 years and 4,000 miles from the scene of Columbus’s original contact. It was, however, only the beginning of a 300-year struggle for Argentina between the land’s tenacious first inhabitants and the European interlopers.
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Argentina has a population that ranks among the most educated and skilled in Latin America, and its citizens have made major contributions to the world. Illiteracy scarcely exists among even the poor and working-class citizens, and Argentina’s middle class historically has been large and politically engaged.
Questions about corruption among the highest officials plagued Menem’s administration from the beginning. The president had appointed his relatives to high government positions, which they used, reporters alleged, to launder drug money. Questions also arose about the duty-free import of foreign luxury cars. A group of Italian businessmen gave President Menem, who loved fast cars, a new Ferrari.
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The Spaniards had to settle the region through a long series of small conquests over the indigenous inhabitants, all the while developing a European-style commercial and agricultural base. They had to painstakingly defeat nearly each and every decentralized group in piecemeal fashion. The defeat of no one clan group resulted in the submission of their indigenous neighbors. Even then, several important native groups continued their successful resistance for nearly 400 years following the arrival of the first European.
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The original inhabitants of the region that became modern Argentina were either agriculturists who had to supplement their diets with hunting and gathering or nomadic peoples who subsisted entirely on hunting and gathering. They may have numbered almost 1 million people in 1492, when Columbus arrived in the Caribbean. They lived dispersed over an area that now supports 41 million Argentines.
Today one might wonder why these indigenous peoples were so impoverished when they inhabited a land of such rich and now-proven agricultural potential. The answer lies in their lack of technological sophistication. Before the arrival of the Europeans, the native inhabitants used only Stone Age technology.
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