Common misunderstandings come about from confusing comprehension with extension. E.g. when we judge that “males are taller than females,” or “fish gotta swim, birds gotta fly,” we are speaking of the comprehension of the subject term “males” or “fish,” not the extension. Not all 3+ billion human males are taller than all 3+ billion human females, of course, but the nature of males is on average to be taller than females.
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