Schweinsteiger
@Schweinsteiger
16 okur puanı
Mayıs 2020 tarihinde katıldı
'Logos' is the everyday Greek term for a written or spoken word, but from Heraclitus onwards almost every Greek philosopher gave it one or more of several grander meanings. It is often rendered by translators as 'Reason'—whether to refer to the reasoning powers of human individuals, or to some more exalted cosmic principle of order and beauty. The term found its way into Christian theology when the author of the fourth gospel proclaimed, 'In the beginning was the Logos, and the Logos was with God, and the Logos was God’ (John 1: 1).
A New History of Western Philosophy 1 & Ancient Philosophy - Anthony Kenny - Oxford University Press
Anaximander was much impressed by the way trees grow and shed their bark. He used the same analogy to explain the origin of human beings. Other animals, he observed, can look after themselves soon after birth, but humans need a long nursing. If humans had always been as they are now, the race would not have survived. In an earlier age, he conjectured, humans had spent their childhood encased in a prickly bark, so that they looked like fish and lived in water. At puberty they shed their bark, and stepped out onto dry land, into an environment in which they could take care of themselves. Because of this, Anaximander, though not otherwise a vegetarian, recommended that we abstain from eating fish, as the ancestors of the human race.
A New History of Western Philosophy 1 & Ancient Philosophy - Anthony Kenny - Oxford University Press
Later conflict theorists have extended and adapted this idea of continuous tension between groups. They have moved well beyond Marx’s emphasis on class and economics, focusing on other areas such as inequality between races or sexes. This wider look at social inequalities has provided the basis for feminist theory.
The Basics of Sociology - Kathy S. Stolley - Greenwood Press
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However, the discipline in Europe suffered great setbacks as a result of World Wars I and II. The ''Nazis hated sociology,'' and many sociologists were killed or fled Germany and France between 1933 and the end of World War II (Collins 1994, 46). As Erwin Scheuch notes, it is ''easier to name sociologists who did not emigrate as the Nazi regime came to power than to list the émigrés'' (2000, 1075). After World War II, sociologists returned to Germany influenced by their studies in America. The result was that American sociologists became the world leaders in theory and research for many years.
The Basics of Sociology - Kathy S. Stolley - Greenwood Press