esma besik
@esmabesikk
İngiliz Dili ve Edebiyatı
30 okur puanı
Eylül 2022 tarihinde katıldı
reading slumpim hakkında basın açıklamam
Uzun süredir düzenli bir şekilde kitap okuyamıyordum. Hayat her zaman rutinlerimize bağlı kalabileceğimiz şekilde ilerlemiyor. Bu durumda biraz akışta kalmayı tercih ettim ve rahatsızlığını ne kadar hissetsem de kendimi zorlamadım. Beyaz Kitap benim için bu uzun süren döngüyü kırdı diyebilirim. Kitapta edebi değerlendirmeler, üzerinde düşünülmesi gereken birçok satır var fakat bir o kadar da kısa özetlenmiş bir şekilde ifade edilmiş. Bu da anlaşılmasını biraz zorlaştırdı benim için.
0-30p: Kontrollü okuyucu 📖
40-70p: Hafif bağımlı 👀
80p+: Geçmiş olsun, kitaplar seni ele geçirmiş 😅
How do words form?
The combination of words to create symbols representing objects or images can be analyzed from two distinct perspectives. Ferdinand de Saussure, for instance, believed that words and signs are arbitrary, meaning there is no inherent reason behind their formation. He referred to this formation as "primary signification." Let's take the word "summer" as an example. The word is formed by combining the letters s-u-m-m-e-r, with "summer" being the signifier (the word itself). The concept or image associated with the word is the signified. In this case, it could be images of the sun, the sea, beach sand, or even ice cream. The final part is the sign, which represents "summer." This is the primary signification.
However, there is also secondary signification, where signs take on additional meanings beyond their literal interpretation. In this case, the sign/signifier is still "summer," but it no longer refers to the specific images we initially associated with it. Instead, it now symbolizes concepts such as youth, love, and temporariness. This secondary signification is also known as "connotation," representing the additional meanings attributed to the signified.
Now, let's address the statement that "myth is a realm of second-order signification." In secondary signification, we use signs to create connotations. According to Roland Barthes, some connotations become so widely accepted that they reach the level of myth. In other words, certain words acquire specific meanings due to cultural and societal factors. Barthes argues that this is predominantly influenced by the bourgeois class of society, as they attribute certain meanings to words based on their culture and lifestyle.
lyrical ballads
According to Wordsworth, the romantic poet should be using or reflecting the common language and poet also should be an ordinary man because poet adresses his works to common man. Poetry needs to be simple to understand by common man. As an another feature he says, poetry is an imagery of nature and pleasure with reflecting common feelings but at the same time he needs to create something original. "All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. It means poet at first need to observe, after that recollect, filter and compose. For example in Wordsworth famous work Tintern Abbey, poem starts with "Five years have passed..." after observing tintern abbey he recollect his memory and composed it.
mirror effectEdebiyat
In Percy Bysshe Shelley's A Defence of Poetry, as a romantic poet, he defends that poetry and poets are glorified, praised. Poet is like a prophet because like a prophet they observes and express what is beyond. According to him, poetry is the ultimate source and extends the meaning of imagination and expression. He believes that there is something coming from inside and poetry is the best tool to reflect those feelings externally. Poetry is a mirror which makes beautiful and reveals the hidden wisdoms or truths. And he makes comparision between reason and imagination he says yes reason and logic is neccessary but without imagination you can't perceive things.
poet is a liarEdebiyat
Oscar Wilde lived in Victorian Era but resisted their beliefs. In literary criticism, we see that before Oscar Wilde, poets were trying to defend poetry against some accusations and chargings. But here he advocates poet and poetry and says, yes poet is a liar and that is what it should be, otherwise there would be no difference between philosophy and poetry or history and poetry. According to him, if you want to read something true or real you need to read something another rather than poetry. Also he advocates that life imitates art, not art imitates life. It means that artists and people are effecting from art and start to live their life with that.