Sosyoloji
Anthony GiddensEn Eski Sosyoloji Gönderileri
En Eski Sosyoloji kitaplarını, en eski Sosyoloji sözleri ve alıntılarını, en eski Sosyoloji yazarlarını, en eski Sosyoloji yorumları ve incelemelerini 1000Kitap'ta bulabilirsiniz.
It is the business of sociology to investigate the connections between what society makes of us and what we make of ourselves and society. Our activities both structure -give shape to- the social world around us and, at the same time, are structured by that social world.
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We need theories to help us make sense of the many facts that we find. Contrary to popular assertion, facts do not speak for themselves. Many sociologists do work primarily on factual research, but unless they are guided by some knowledge of theory, their work is unlikely to be able to explain the complexity of societies. This is true even of research carried out with strictly practical objectives in mind.
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The constraining nature of social facts is often not recognized by people as coercive. This because people generally comply with social facts freely, believing they are acting out of choice. In fact, Durkheim argues, people often simply follow patterns that are general to their society.
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Processes of change in the modern world are so rapid and intense that they give rise to major social difficulties. They can have disruptive effects on traditional lifestyles, morals, religious beliefs and everyday patterns without providing clear new values. Durkheim linked these unsettling conditions to anomie: feelings of aimlessness, dread and despair provoked by modern social life. Traditional moral controls and standards, which used to be supplied by religion, are largely broken down by modern social development, and this leaves many individuals in modern societies feeling that their daily lives lack meaning.
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Even though people see themselves as individuals exercisinng free will and choice, their behaviours are often socially patterned and shaped and Durkheim's study showed that even a highly personal act like suicide is influenced by what happens in the social world.
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Durkheim argued that people who were strongly integrated into social groups, and whose desires and aspirations were regulated by social norms, were less likely to commit suicide.
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Unlike other early sociological thinkers, Weber argued that sociology should focus on social action, not social structures. He argued that human motivation and ideas were the forces behind change -ideas, values and beliefs had the power to bring about transformations. According to Weber, individuals have the ability to act freely and to shape the future. He did not see, as did Durkheim and Marx, that structures existed external to or independent of individuals. Rather, structures in society were formed by a complex interplay of actions. It was the job of sociology to understand the meanings behind those actions.
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