The most aggressive opposition to the Jesuits came from a movement called Jansenism. Cornelius Jansen (1585–1638) was a Dutchman who had adopted St. Augustine’s views of sin and grace at the University of Louvain. He came to believe that the best way to defend Catholicism against the Calvinist challenge was to return to the doctrines of the great North African and establish a rigorous moral code for the Catholic clergy to combat the easygoing ethics of the Jesuits.
ToynbeeAlıntı
İnsanın başarılı olması için, her zaman bir challenge ve bir response (meydan okuma ve karşılık) gerekir; doğanın kendini insan tarafından yenilebilecek bir güç olarak sunması gerekir; eğer insan meydan okumaya boyun eğmezse, verdiği karşılık bizzat onun uygarlığının tabanını yaratır.
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Eğer kaldırımın kenarına on üç adımda varırsam... ( erkekler yolda yürürken sebepsiz yere challenge yapar işte bu kitapta da değinilmiş :D )
If that should occur, the future of North America and Europe may look a lot like the present of Brazil and Mexico, with nepotistic oligarchies clustered in a few swollen metropolitan areas surrounded by hinterlands that are derelict, depopulated, and despised. What Fritz Lang’s Metropolis (1927), with its managers in skyscrapers and its oppressed factory workers underground, was for an earlier industrial era, Neill Blomkamp’s Elysium (2013), with its sybaritic elite in orbit and its desperate earthbound slum-dwellers, might prove to be for the era that succeeds neoliberalism—a prophecy in the form of a nightmare.
Only power can check power. Only a major reassertion of the political power, economic leverage, and cultural influence of national wage-earning majorities of all races, ethnicities, and creeds can stop the degeneration of the US and other Western democracies into high-tech banana republics. To supplement conventional electoral politics, reformers will need to rebuild old institutions or build new ones that can integrate working-class citizens of all origins into decision-making in government, the economy, and the culture, so that everyone can be an insider.
Reconstructing democratic pluralism in North America and Europe to permit cross-class power sharing is a challenge as difficult as it is urgent. The alternative is grim: a future of gated communities and mobs led by demagogues at their gates.
The second great challenge to the tripartite division of
knowledge into three great domains emerged out of the "humanistic" end of the tension between the two cultures. --> culture studies
The three themes that have come together in cultural studies
are: first, the central importance of gender studies and all kinds
of "non-Eurocentric" studies to the study of historical social systems; second, the importance of local, very situated historical
analysis, associated by many with a new "hermeneutic turn";
third, the assessment of the values involved in technological
achievements in relation to other values.
Meaning you don’t really understand and it’s all just parrot. Meaning, in my very considered opinion, Gothi, that we can’t ever really know if we understand or not. It feels as though we do, up until the point that we’re challenged, and then the focus of our attention shifts to the challenge and all that complex structure we were working on falls over like a house of cards. A what? No idea. Another human expression. Presumably relating to unsound structural practices and a violation of the appropriate construction codes. Would we pass the Turing test, Gothi?
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