Blaming globalization for environmental degradation is morally fraught. Increased foreign trade, foreign investment, and foreign lending raised the incomes of billions of people: while globalization left many behind and drove others to migrate in search of work and safety, it lifted many more out of poverty. Apartment towers and multistory shopping malls, each requiring the production and transportation of concrete, glass, steel beams, and copper pipes, sprouted in former swamps and rice paddies around the world. Roughly 3.5 billion people had electricity in their homes in the late 1980s; by 2017, that figure reached 6.5 billion—a task accomplished by hastily constructing hundreds of power plants, many of them importing the dirtiest of all fuels, coal. Television sets and airplane trips came within reach of a rapidly expanding middle class, and global consumption of beef, once a luxury in many parts of the world, increased by half between 1990 and 2017. These achievements cannot be dismissed out of hand.