They [Both the Young Turks and the Kemalists] hoped to persuade the farmers to use modern methods by demonstrating to them the benefits of scientific farming by setting up model farms. But the scheme did not work while cheap labor was available. Mechanized agriculture became widespread only after the Second World War when farm machinery was imported under the Marshall Plan. An important outcome of this was rural unemployment and the flight to the cities.
The agrarian question in Turkey was therefore primarily political and not economic in nature.