... there is no reason to assume that artificial intelligence will gain consciousness, because intelligence and consciousness are very different things. Intelligence is the ability to solve problems. Consciousness is the ability to feel things such as pain, joy, love and anger. We tend to confuse the two because in humans and other mammals intelligence goes hand in hand. with consciousness. Mammals solve most problems by feeling things. Computers, however, solve problems in a very different way.
There are simply several different paths leading to high intelligence, and only some of these paths involve gaining consciousness. Just as aeroplanes fly faster than birds without ever developing feathers, so computers may come to solve problems much better than mammals without ever developing feelings.
Sayfa 49Kitabı okudu
Generally speaking, artificial intelligence differs from artificial neural nets in the level of human intervention it requires. With an AI algorithm, all the information needed for a solution must be preprogrammed into a database, whereas artificial neural nets learn on their own. AI is based on the principles of deductive reasoning, whereas neural nets are inductive. This means that with Al, each new situation the system encounters may require another programmed rule. For example, when AI is used to program the behavior of a robot, all the desired behavior patterns must be worked out and programmed a priori-the robot can't adapt its behavior to changes in the environment. Consequently, AI programs can become quite large and unweildy in their attempt to address a wide range of different situations.
Artificial neural nets, on the other hand, automatically associations or relationships between parts of the network according to the results of known situations, adjusting to each new situation and eventually generalizing their behavior by correctly guessing the output for inputs never seen before. The disadvantage of artificial neural nets, however, is that they cannot be programmed to do a specific task, like adding numbers. The sets of examples or "training sets" of data the network must be fed in order to bring it closer to the desired solution must be chosen very carefully; otherwise, valuable time is wasted-or worse, the network doesn't do what it is supposed to do.
Sayfa 11Kitabı okudu
Çoğu kez kısaca AI (Artificial Intelligence) olarak anılan Yapay Zekâ son yılların en çok ilgi çeken konusudur. Al'ın amaçları, makineler, normalde elektronik makineler, aracılığıyla insanın ussal etkinliğini olabildiğince taklit etmek ve belki sonuçta insanın ussal etkinlik yeteneğini geliştirmektir. AI sonuçlarına en az dört alanda ilgi
Current medical devices work just fine, but they aren’t portable. The point of creating AI-enabled apps and specialized devices is to obtain much needed data when a doctor actually needs it, rather than having to wait for that data. Even if you don’t buy a toothbrush to monitor your technique or an ECG to monitor your heart, the fact that these devices are small, capable, and easy to use means that you may still benefit from them at some point.
A heuristic is an educated guess about a solution, such as a rule of thumb that
points to the direction of a desired outcome but can’t tell exactly how to reach it. It’s like being lost in an unknown city and having people tell you a certain way to reach your hotel (but without precise instructions) or how far you are from it.
Algorithms that process words can help Google AI systems understand and anticipate your needs even when you are not expressing them in a set of keywords but in plain, unclear natural language, the language we speak every day. If you currently try to pose questions, not just chains of keywords, to the Google search engine, you’ll notice that it tends to answer correctly. Since 2012, with the introduction of the Hummingbird update, Google became better able to understand synonyms and concepts.
AI is part of robots, self-driving cars, drones, medical systems, online shopping sites, and all sorts of other technologies that affect your daily life in so many ways.
Indeed, many movies about artificial intelligence are so divorced from scientific reality that one suspects they are just allegories of completely different concerns. Thus the 2015 movie Ex Machina seems to be about an AI expert who falls in love with a female robot only to be duped and manipulated by her. But in reality, this is not a movie about the human fear of intelligent robots. It is a movie about the male fear of intelligent women, and in particular the fear that female liberation might lead to female domination. Whenever you see a movie about an AI in which the AI is female and the scientist is male, it’s probably a movie about feminism rather than cybernetics. For why on earth would an AI have a sexual or a gender identity? Sex is a characteristic of organic multicellular beings. What can it possibly mean for a non-organic cybernetic being?
Günümüzde yeryüzünün en zeki türü olan insan,kendisinden daha az zeki olan tüm canlılara ne yapıyorsa, muhtemelen AGI(Artificial General Intelligence)'nin bize yapacağı da benzer davranışlar olacaktır.
Sayfa 241Kitabı okudu
Dr. Stuart Russell yapay zekâ alanının önde gelen araştırmacılarından. Dünyanın dört bir yanındaki yapay zekâ araştırmacılarını eğitmekte kullanılan kitabın yazarıdır.
* Dipnot bilgisi:
Stuart Russell ve Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 3. ed (Boston: Pearson, 2009)
Sayfa 104 - Kronik KitapKitabı okudu
If liberalism, nationalism, Islam, or some novel creed wishes to shape the world of the year 2050, it will need not only to make sense of artificial intelligence, Big Data algorithms, and bioengineering but also to incorporate them into a new and meaningful narrative.
Sayfa 27Kitabı okudu
The field of artificial intelligence is quite large and merges with other subjects
such as psychology, neurology, mathematics, linguistics, and electrical and
mechanical engineering.
Sayfa 477Kitabı okudu
...to shape the world of the year 2050, it will need not only to make sense of artificial intelligence, Big Data algorithms and bioengineering - it will also need to incorporate them into a new meaningful narrative.
Sayfa 38Kitabı yarım bıraktı
yapay zeka (YZ) artificial intelligence Bilgisayar mühendisliği, nöroloji, felsefe, psikoloji, robot bilimi ve linguistik gibi birçok alanı içine alan ve algı, akıl yürütme, düşünme, öğrenme, kavrama, sezgi ve tasarlama gibi insan zekasına özgü davranışlar sergileyen bilgisayar yazılımı, robot tasarımı vb. konuları inceleyen bilimsel alan; bu şekilde ortaya çıkan ürün. İlk YZ araştırmalarında insanın bilişsel modellerinden kaçınılıyordu, ancak beynin çalışmasına ilişkin teorilere dayanan >bağlantıcılığın gelişmesiyle birlikte, bu yönelim de değişmiştir. A. M. Turing, kendisini oluşturan parçalardan çok daha karmaşık bir makine tasarlanabileceğini kanıtlamıştır. Günümüzdeki satranç programlarından bazıları, insan satrançıların çoğundan daha iyi oynayabilmektedir. Günümüzde bilgisayar mühendisleri ile biliş psikologları yakın bir işbirliği içinde çalışmaktadır. Yapay zeka yaklaşımı biliş psikolojisinde, algı, bellek, hayalgücü, düşünme ve problem çözme gibi çok çeşitli uygulama alanları bulmuştur. Bu iki alanda birisinde oluşturulan bir model veya elde edilen bulgular, diğerlerinde de rahatlıkla uygulanabilmektedir. Ayrıca >Turing testi, biliş bilimi, biliş psikolojisi, bağlantıcılıl, sembolcülük. Bazı otoriteler, yapay zekanın insanın düşünme becerisiyle kıyaslanamayacağını savunarak yapay zeka modellerine karşı çıkmaktadır. Yapay zekacılara yönelik eleştirilere güzel bir örnek için >Çince odası.
