To avoid rivalry between Portugal and Spain, the pope drew a line on the map from the North Pole to the South, just west of the Azores. All to the west of the line, he said, belonged to Spain; all to the east belonged to Portugal. That boundary explains why Brazil is a Portuguese-speaking country today and the rest of Latin America is Spanish. And why no Spanish colonies appeared in Africa or Asia.
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UnutamadığımŞiir
Açardın,
Yalnızlığımda
Mavi ve yeşil,
Açardın.
Tavşan kanı, kınalı - berrak.
Yenerdim acıları, kahpelikleri…
Gitmek,
Gözlerinde gitmek sürgüne.
Yatmak,
Gözlerinde yatmak zindanı.
Gözlerin hani?
“To be or not to be” değil.
“Cogito ergo sum” hiç değil…
Asıl iş, anlamak kaçınılmaz’ı,
Durdurulmaz çığı
Sonsuz akımı.
İçmek,
Gözlerinde içmek ayışığını.
Varmak,
Gözlerinde varmak can tılsımına.
Gözlerin hani?
Canımın gizlisinde bir cân idin ki
Kan değil, sevdamız akardı geceye,
Sıktıkça cellâd,
Kemendi…
Calvinism’s emphasis on the sovereignty of God led in turn to a special view of the state. Luther tended to consider the state supreme. The German princes often determined where and how the gospel would be preached. But Calvin taught that no one—whether pope or king—has any claim to absolute power. Calvin never preached the “right of revolution,” but he did encourage the growth of representative assemblies and stressed their right to resist the tyranny of monarchs.
Calvin’s leadership in “the game” shaped a third Reformation tradition. Today we call it Reformed or Calvinistic Christianity. It includes all Presbyterians, Dutch and German Reformed churches, and many Baptists and Congregationalists.
Anabaptists rejected the swearing of oaths because of Jesus’ clear commandment in the Sermon on the Mount: “Do not swear an oath at all: either by heaven . . . or by the earth . . . or by Jerusalem” (Matt. 5:34–35).