Growth happens in motion, not in purity.
For us the most significant feature of Jacobinism is the highly ambiguous way in which (i) it was received throughout the rest of Europe, (ii) it was taken over by the two Bonapartes, with their reliance on the small-scale producers, (iii) it found its direct continuation in French ‘radicalism’. In its various later forms, the French working-class movement was imbued with Jacobinism, in particular by means of utopian socialism, represented by Louis Blanc and Proudhon; it was with good reason that Louis Bonaparte cut the ground from under its feet, as Karl Marx showed in The Eighteenth Brumaire. To conclude, Jacobinism is profoundly ambiguous not because it has a contradictory purity stemming from its role as the typical political ideology of the (contradictory) bourgeoisie, but because of the particular character of the bourgeois revolution in France.
📚🔔 Tatil zili çaldı!
Bir yıl boyunca verilen emeklerin ardından şimdi dinlenme, keşfetme ve yeni maceralara atılma zamanı. 🌞
Bu yaz bol kahkahalı, bol anılı ve elbette bol kitaplı geçsin. Tüm öğrencilere keyifli tatiller diliyoruz! 💙📖
“Whereas anti-Semitism was designed to protect the purity of the ethnic nation-state, Islamophobia is marshaled to safeguard the future of European civilization,” writes Bunzl (2005, 506).
‘Tell Jane that the only people who ever prize purity of ignorance are those who profit from a monopoly on knowledge.’
Let’s disappoint them
‘Divine Wind,’ she said. ‘I read about it – it was founded as a Shinto world the way Path was supposed to be Taoist. The purity of ancient Japanese culture. But I think it’s not so very pure these days.’
‘More to the point, it’s the world where Andrew and Jane and I felt – if one can speak of my having feelings apart from Ender’s own – the world where we might find the center of power in the worlds ruled by Congress. The true decision makers. The power behind the throne.’
‘So you can subvert them and take over the human race?’
‘So I can stop the Lusitania Fleet. Taking over the human race is a bit later on the agenda. The Lusitania Fleet is something of an emergency. We have only a few weeks to stop it before the fleet gets there and uses the Little Doctor, the M.D. Device, to blow Lusitania into its constituent elements. In the meantime, because Ender and everyone else expects me to fail, they’re building these little tin can starships as fast as possible and transporting as many Lusitanians as they can – humans, Piggies, and Buggers – to other habitable but as yet uninhabited planets. My dear sister Valentine – the young one – is off with Miro – in his fresh new body, the dear lad – searching out new worlds as fast as their little starship can carry them. Quite a project. All of them betting on my – on our – failure. Let’s disappoint them, shall we?’
‘Disappoint them?’
‘By succeeding. Let’s succeed...'
Kitabın Özeti (E-kitap)
Bir düğmeye basmaya karar verdiğinin bilincine varmadan saniyeler önce (bazı durumlarda 10 saniye) beynin ve vücudun buna hazır oluyor. Kaslar hareket etmeden 200 milisaniye önce. Bunun araştırmasını 1982’de yapmış: The resultss show clearly, once again, that particular regions have decided which button to push before you believe you consciously and freely chose. Up to ten second before, in fact (83). We sit you in front of two buttans; you must push one of them (156).
Ahlak
Ahlak ve İğrenme:
Being disgusted by fake puke, but not being icily uncomfortable, made subjects more selectively punitive about purity violations. How can a disgusting smell or tactile sensation change unrelated moral assessments? The phenomenon involves a brain region called the insula (aka the insular cortex). In mammals, it isi activated by smell or taste of rancid food, automatically triggering spitting out the food and the species’s version of barfing. But the versatile human insula also responds to stimuli we deem morally disgusting (167).
Both type of assesments activated the same region (the orbitofrontal cortex, or OFC); the more beautiful or good the more OFC activation (and less insula activation) (170).
Another study showed remarkable somatic specificity, where lying orally (via voice mail) increased the desire for mouthwash, while lying by hand (via email) made hand sanitizers more desirable (173).
Ahlak ve Free Will
Most important, the bulk of studies have failed to replicate the basic finding that people become less ethical in their behavior when their free-will belief is weakened (751).
A 2022 meta-analysis of the entire literatüre 145 experiments with 95 unpublished shows that Crickian manipulations do indeed mildly leşsen free-will belief and increase belief in determinism
