The psychologist Amanda Woodward designed a looking-time study to demonstrate that babies know that individuals have goals. First, a baby was placed in front of two objects and watched a hand reach for one of these objects. Then experimenters reversed the objects’ locations. Babies expected that when the hand reached again, it should go for the same object, not the same location. This expectation was special to hands; if they saw a metal claw reaching for the object, the result went away.